Social Informatics

Right here four characteristics are well-known to all organizations. Common goal: All people inside company are working towards achieving a common goal. Coordination of work : The formulation and enforcement of policies rules and regulations make sure the attainment of this characteristic. Hierarchy of authority: Otherwise known as Chain of Command, this manage mechanism ensures how the proper people are generating the right elements at the appropriate time. The integrity of this characteristic is maintained by adhering towards the Unity of Command principle. Division of labor: This occurs after people performing separate but related tasks pursue a popular goal.

Question 2

The difference in between line and staff positions is that the former perform tasks that are strategic in nature though the latter perform tactical tasks . Line managers occupy formal decision-making positions within the chain of command although staff personnel do background research and provide technical guidance and recommendations to their line managers.

Question 3

Closed Systems are likened to conventional military or mechanical systems . They are self-sufficient entities and largely ignore environmental influences.

Open Systems, even so, are likened towards the newer model systems- biological and cognitive . They emphasize interaction among firms and their environments.

Question 4

The organizational metaphors presented in this reading include military or mechanical , biological and cognitive . They assist us much better realize complex businesses specially as the military /mechanical design , which was successful for the older narrowly , defined work begin to fail the current firm . The software from the biological and cognitive model in today 's businesses are able to produce items and services and as well be cognitive in the environmental opportunities and obstacles

Question 5

Lawler 's eight substitutes for hierarchy include work type info systems technology , financial facts , reward program practices supplier-customer contact , training , vision /values and emergent leadership . These substitutes can reduce or eliminate the require for direct supervisory control , which would involve the twelve functions of motivating , record keeping , coordinating , assigning work , generating personnel decisions , providing expertise , setting goals , planning linking communications , training /coaching , leading and controlling Lawler notes how the traits embedded during the eight substitutes technology , jobs interdependence , jobs complexity and required knowledge clearly influence the opportunities for adopting an organizational method that's according to minimal hierarchy and high involvement ' and thereby allow management of today 's flatter organizations.

Question 6

Kreitner and Klinicki define organizational effectiveness as the fulfillment on the four generic criteria of goal accomplishment resource acquisition (healthy ) internal processes and strategic constituencies satisfaction . They choose this definition amid the many out there definitions since it applies each well to large or small and profit or non-profit organizations.

Question 7

Experts recommend a multidimensional approach to organizational effectiveness mainly because no single criterion applies to all stages from the organizational lifecycle , neither will any satisfy competing stakeholders . A mix and match technique is taken by well-managed corporation to suit the specific needs from the firm . In to define these distinct requirements , the strategic team provides input and this...

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