"City on the Hill" a Political & Religious Vision

The system embodied a series of checks and balances to check one faction from gaining ascendancy o'er new(prenominal)s. Madison spoke to the issue of factions in Federalist 10 and constitutes a clear definition of faction:

By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by close to common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interest of the community (Wills 43).

Madison and the other Framers feared the influence of factions on the body politic, understandable given that he defined a faction as promoting something adverse to the rights of others. He states that at that place are two ways of dealing with the issue, the premier being to consider the causes of faction and the other being to mastery its effects. Clearly, he does not believe it possible to eliminate factions themselves, and thus it is clear that any free society forget assume numerous factions, groupings of like-minded citizens who wish to promote their particular interests. This is in fact one of the essentials of a democratic system.

Madison goes on to note that there are two ways to remove the causes of faction: 1) destroy the liberty which is essential to its existence (and he says that this cure would be wo

rse than the disease); and 2) give to every(prenominal) citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests (also an impracticable theme as well as an unwise one). Madison says that there will always be different opinions and different passions among the citizenry, so clearly the cause of faction can never be removed and factions will continue to be part of the ornament as a matter of course.

One of the reasons why the Constitution has survived is that Madison and the Framers developed ways of mitigating or controlling the " chicane" that could be done by factions.

Madison states that the way to forestall the mischief of factions is either to prevent the same passion or interest in a majority so it will not be adopted, or to prevent the majority from carrying discover this passion or interest.

These and other provisions made by the Framers in the Constitution were intended to create that city on a hill that would govern fairly, produce equality, and increase preferably than curtail freedom.

The primary means taken by the Framers to prevent this was to avoid direct democracy and to create a republican form of politics, a government in which the scheme of facsimile is involved. Each individual representative would be chosen by a larger number of citizens and so would find it to a greater extent difficult to succeed if they were unworthy. A republican form of government made it possible to bring more territory into the fold, with the number that more parties and factions would be produced and would have to compromise with one another(prenominal) to get anything done:

Thoreau is very precise about his every action at Walden Pond, describing the house he built in such a way that one could almost represent the plan and build a model of it. Thoreau finds lessons in the reputation he encounters on his walks, in the nature he work with as
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