The Application of Engineering Principles

At the federal prison house house level, the inmate population represented 31 percent of the setd talent of all federal prisons in the United States (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2002a, p. 1).

From the mid-1970s finished the mid-1980s, the American prison population increased by 84 percent (Bureau of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1997, p. D-4). Per 100 thousand-population, the increase was from 129 to 216. Since the mid-1980s, the prison population has continued to climb, however, at a reduced rate (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2002a, p. 1).

Once the prisoner is released from incarceration, the community is faced with advanced repercussions. Wheeler and Hissong (1988) reported for example, that jail time, probation, and fines do not interpolate behavior. The individual incarcerated for drunk driving returns to the community with the same drinking behaviors. Drunk driving is a national problem. Imprisonment fails to in effect reduce imprisonment. Thus the incarcerated individual returns to the community to commit spare offences. In their reading, results showed that prisoners were 2.3 times more promising to be aerated with a new offense, compared to probationers, and they were 1.8 times more likely to be convicted of a new offence and 2.2 times more likely to be incarcerated for a new offence. Results also pointed out that males and blacks nurture higher rates of recidivism, and younger offend

Beck, A. J. & Shipley, B. E. (1985). Recidivism of prisoners released in 1983: Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, Washington: U.S. section of Justice.

Karp, D. A. (1997). Speaking of sadness: Depression, disconnection, and the meanings of illness. (Paperback ed.). New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

The final section of this chapter presents the look for proposal.

The dissertation will explore the effects of incarceration on PTSD and within this context, will investigate the role of pre-prison experience. The study will gather data from released prisoners to answer the research questions and political campaign the hypotheses.

Wheeler, G. R., & Hissong, R. V. (1988). Effects of criminal sanctions on drunk drivers: Beyond incarceration. hatred & Delinquency, 34(1), 29-42.

In 1978, the United States Supreme Court held that a " debilitate mental effect" was experienced by inmates confined to isolation rooms from which there was no visibility from the inside of the enclosing to the outer area in which the enclosure was situated (Gavora & Alexander, 1996, p. 27). It was held get along that inmates subjected to isolation were psychologically harmed by the realization that guards held the power to compel such punishment on them.

Wooldredge, J. D. (1998). Inmate lifestyles and opportunities for victimization. The Journal of explore in Crime and Delinquency, 35(4), 480-502.

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