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SYNTHESIZING ESTERS IN THE laboratoryORATORY

Purpose:
How to make some fragrances (an ester from a carboxyl social disease and an alcohol) in the laboratory.

Background:
Most people are familiar with the typical fruit scents encountered at the local grocery store. M each are esters. Most aromas found in nature, however, check mixtures of esters and other molecules.

Esters are characterized with the general formula:

O
||
R-C-O-R

If a base molecular weight ester is encountered, the odor is usually pleasant to experience. They are the very popular artificial scents and flavors added to a wide ordinate of consumer products, like soft drinks, chewing gum scented bestride dealdles, car fresheners, deodorizers, food flavorings, etc. Examples are peach, apricot, strawberry, orange, lemon, cucumber, and raspberry.

Esters are tardily made in the laboratory from their corresponding carboxylic acid and a condensation reaction with an alcohol. This reaction is condensed and catalyzed with concentrated (18M) sulfuric acid. The making of esters in the school laboratory is also an refined way to illustrate LeChateliers Equilibrium Principle in differentiate to get a higher yield of the desired product.





MATERIALS (PER LAB STATION)

bunsen burner and tubing, ring stand, ring, wire gauze, matches
450 mL beaker
beaker tongs
crucible tongs
1 test tube, shorter than the beaker
boiling chip
watch glass
flask or stupor with 3 beral pipettes: carboxylic acid, alcohol, 18M H2SO4
balance

SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

All students should put out goggles! The acids can cause severe burns (especially the H2SO4).
Students should be careful when using bunsen burners. Hot plates may be substituted.
Chemicals are flammable. Have a large glass or metal bowl or pot to cap any fires. The watch glass should prevent any chemical fires.
Solutions can be put down drains with plenty of water.

PROCEDURES
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