Political Philosophy on The Individual & the State

Plato expresses his views on society at greatest length in The Republic in which Socrates speaks of the kin between the various(prenominal) human soul and the society of which the person is a part. The dialogue in this instance is designed to shuffling a moral conjure upment about the nature of the province and its relationship to the individual. Socrates says at the outset:

[W]e are bound to oblige that the elements and traits that belong to a state must also survive in the individuals that compose it. There is nowhere else for them to come from (Lee 209).

Socrates has already noted that the state has three natural constituents, wisdom, courage, and self-discipline, and he wants to institute that these homogeneous three forces are to be found in the human soul:

. . . we shall expect to find that the individual has the same three elements in his personality and to be justified in using the same language of him because he is affected by the same conditions (Lee 209).

For Socrates, the maintenance of harmony requires that the individual fulfill his or her moral duty by obeying all of the laws of the state, and the individual owes the state this allegiance because there is an implicit agreement between the individual and the state--the individual enjoys the benefits of being part of the state and in rescind has an absolute duty to live up to the laws of the state.

This is made specially clear in The Apology and C

that accepts utility as the foundation of morals, meaning the

Mill himself would extend limits for criminal law and also for the moral force of neighborly disapproval. The general test of law is utilitarian, based on the criterion of whether the law tends to maximize pleasure and minimize pain (Kelly 340).

agrees that those actions which contract happiness are good and

John Stuart Mill begins his sermon of moral theory with

means pain and the privation of pleasure. piece Mill

Plato's dialogue Crito shows Socrates's friend of that name trying to persuade him to hold the chance of life; Socrates firmly refuses, determined to remain manipulable to the laws of his city, though he was himself the innocent victim of their unjust achievement (Kelly 15).

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